• １．Improvement of glucose spike (postprandial hyperglycemia ) can not be sufficiently detected by HbA1c or glycoalbumin (fructosamine)
• ２．Why only 1,5-anhydroglucitol(1,5-AG) can detect glucose spike?
• ３．Measuring 1,5-AG weekly, monthly, even yearly is effective in management of diabetes mellitus
• ４．1,5-AG of less than 14 μg/ml indicates existence of glucose spike even in near-normoglycemia
• ５．Rapid and wide variations of 1,5-AG make your clinical decision robust
• ６．Follow up on development of hyperglycemia in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)
• ７．"Your glycemia is stable" → No!!
• ８．The value of approximate mean postmeal maximum plasma glucose levels corresponding to 1,5-AG
• ９．Hypoglycemia and 1,5-AG
• １０．Combination measurement with 1,5-AG and HbA1c
• １１．Factors that cause an abnormal value
• １２．What is 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG ) ?
• １３．Physiological role
• １４．1,5-AG and diabetic complications

５．Rapid and wide variations of 1,5-AG make your clinical decision robust

  In a range of HbA1c of less than 8.0%, even in its normal range, 1,5-AG changes widely in an exponential manner correspondingly to a small amount of urinary glucose.

  By the big change, you will have confidence in the judgement of whether glycemia improved or got worse, beyond the error range, for example, in a case of dietary and/or exercise therapy. By the rapid change, you can detect in real time the beginning of glycemic change induced by drugs such as steroids, infection (COVID-19 etc)(See Chapter 3), pregnancy, or others (Lancet 347,1514,1996). 1,5-AG check is easier, cheaper and more reliable to find acute glycemic change than frequent blood glucose measurements.

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